MONTREAL — Former Quebec premier Jean Charest launched his bid for the leadership of the federal Conservative party in Calgary on Thursday, thousands of miles from the province he led for nine years.
Two Quebec politics experts who spoke to The Canadian Press said Charest brings a high-profile name with a proven track record of winning, but also considerable baggage that could harm his chances in a general election.
While his campaign slogan describes him as "built to win," Charest's three terms as Quebec premier were often bumpy, marked by low approval ratings, massive students protests and unproven corruption allegations that would dog him until his resignation and beyond.
Université Laval political science Prof. Eric Montigny describes Charest as "a divisive personality who leaves no one indifferent."
In an interview, he said Charest's time as premier was marred by scandals and investigations which, although they did not find fault, left "big, dark clouds" on his legacy.
They include an eight-year investigation by Quebec's anti-corruption squad, which looked at alleged illegal party financing during Charest's time as Quebec Liberal leader; the Bastarache Commission into allegations of partisan judicial appointments; and the Charbonneau Commission, which investigated corruption in the province's construction industry.
Charest has always vigorously defended himself against all allegations, and none of the investigations found fault with him. A $1.5-million lawsuit he filed against the Quebec government over the anti-corruption unit investigation remains active. That probe, which began in 2014, was recently concluded and no charges were laid.
He left the federal Progressive Conservatives to lead the Quebec Liberals in 1998, three years after he emerged as a fiery and passionate advocate of federalism in the 1995 Quebec independence referendum. He lost the 1998 provincial election to Lucien Bouchard’s Parti Québécois, though his party won the popular vote.
Charest and the Liberals went on to form government in 2003 and he was re-elected with a minority government in 2007 and a majority in 2008.
Charest exited politics in 2012 after his provincial Liberals lost an election that followed massive protests over university tuition hikes. Accused of instigating students by taking a hard line with protesters, Charest lost his own riding of Sherbrooke.
While he's critical of his record, Montigny said Charest also had accomplishments, especially when it came to international relations. But he believes Charest is facing an uphill climb to win the federal Tory leadership race and a general election.
But Martin Pâquet, a professor of modern Quebec and Canadian political history at Université Laval, doesn't think Charest should be counted out.
In an interview, he described Charest as the ultimate "political animal." A devotee of Sun Tzu's book, "Art of War," Charest is also a skilled tactician who knows how to exploit his rivals' weaknesses, Pâquet said.
"He's able to sense the fault lines in a terrain and is able to see the balance of power that is present in the political space. And if he shows up now, it's because he thinks he has a chance," Pâquet said.
Charest's Tory opponents have branded him a "Conservative of convenience" and a closeted Liberal, but Pâquet believes the ex-premier's Quebec record, especially of fiscal conservatism, shows he's genuine.
Despite its name, Quebec's Liberal party is not left-wing, but rather a "coalition" party that brought together both left and right-wing interests that had federalism in common, Pâquet said. Charest's experience in uniting a diverse party could be an asset in the Conservative race, he added.
The brief biography on Charest’s newly launched website appears to sidestep his years in provincial politics. While it refers to his Quebec northern development plan and the fact he won three elections, the only time the word “Quebec” appears in the blurb is in reference to Charest stepping up to lead the federalist charge in the 1995 referendum.
The biography does not mention that Charest served nine years as Quebec’s premier and 14 as head of the provincial Liberal party.
That omission underscores the challenges that Charest is facing, Pâquet said.
The last premier to successfully become prime minister was Nova Scotia Conservative Charles Tupper in 1896, he said.
Polls place Charest behind Tory MP Pierre Poilievre, another leadership contender, among Conservative voters. Others show most Quebecers have a negative impression of Charest due to the investigations, the student protests and budget austerity measures, Pâquet said.
Gabriel-Nadeau Dubois, a former leader of the student protests and now the co-spokesperson of the Québec solidaire party, recently described Charest's legacy as one of "corruption and austerity."
"The legacy of Jean Charest in Quebec is a democracy weakened by corruption, a land that is ravaged, in terms of the environment; it's a historic delay in our battle against climate change and our public services in ruins," he said in February at the legislature.
Both Pâquet and Montigny have doubts that the Quebec population will vote massively for a Charest-led Conservative party in a federal election, especially due to the negative impressions left over from the student protests. But the fact that Charest decided to kick off his campaign in Alberta suggests he's setting his sights further west.
However, Pâquet said that if Charest wins the leadership, anything can happen in a general election.
After such a long stint in politics, Charest "knows very well that you don't have to have the majority to win," he said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published March 11, 2022.
Morgan Lowrie, The Canadian Press
